Accumulated forage from periods of excess growth can be cut for hay, which minimizes waste. It is a member of the grass family, originally a wild plant in africa where largest members of both wild and. Pearl millet seed production and processing icrisat. Pdf pearl millet crop management and seed production manual. Effect of integrated technologies on production and. Pearl millet production is hampered by numerous problems and as such there is a need to find ways of improving its. Pearl millet is a summer annual crop wellsuited for double cropping and rotations. Sustainable intensification of sorghum and pearl millet. Tillering is primarily from basal nodes, and the number of tillers. Pearl millet was introduced into the united states at least as long ago as the 1850s. It can survive and produce grain even on the least fertile soils in the driest regions, on highly acidic and saline soils, and in the hottest climates. Highquality hay production university of tennessee. This nature of flowering facilitates the breeding of hybrids and openpollinated varieties opvs as the two broad cultivar types.
Highquality hay production gary bates, professor, plant sciences w hen pasture growth is limited, some type of stored feed must be provided to grazing animals. Grain and biomass yields of pearl millet that are constrained by low plant. Millet market growth, trends, and forecast 20192024. Pearl millet is a dependable nutritious source of food for millions in marginal agricultural areas. Marieme drame abstract agricultural production is the main source of income and major employer in many. Sorghum and pearl millet are some of the drought tolerant crops that are extensively grown in zambia and other countries of southern africa. Pearl millet is extensively grown for forage as hay, silage, greenchop, and pasture in the southern u.
Pearl millet nutritional quality and fertilization of sweet. Production of pearl millet with yield improvement would have a direct impact on the droughtprone areas of ethiopia since pearl millet is drought tolerant and early maturing with high water use efficiency. Pearl millet, also called cattail millet, bullrush, millet, candle millet, and penicillaria fig. Due to pearl millets large stems, hay production is difficult without a hay or mower conditioner, and extra.
It is the most important species of millet both in terms of cropped area and contributions to food security in regions of africa and asia that can produce little else. Millets, however, do respond to high fertility and moisture. Ambayeba muimbakankolongo, in food crop production by smallholder farmers in southern africa, 2018. Pearl millet is generally used as a temporary summer pasture crop or in some areas as.
Pearl millet diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. At individual country level, india has the largest area 7 millon ha with 9. Postharvest operations page 6 pearl millet the development and structure of pearl millet is similar to that of sorghum, with some exceptions. Forage potential of sorghum and pearl millet g harinarayana1, np melkania2, bvs reddy3, sk gupta4, kn rai3 and p sateesh kumar5 abstract sorghum and pennisetum are two of the gifted genera of the tropical regions that provide food, feed, stover dry straw and fuel to millions of poor farmer families and their livestocks. Seed production in pearl millet bajra is common minor millet of india with wider industrial and household utility. Pearl millet pennisetum glaucum is an introduced, annual, warmseason crop widely grown throughout the united states for grazing. Nutritional and health benefits of millets f 1 millets are a traditional staple food of the dry land regions of the world.
Background on the development of the global strategy for the ex situ conservation of pearl millet the development of the strategy involved the following main steps. Watch this video to know more about the cultivation practices of pearl millet and the varieties of pearl millet. Pearl millet is planted on 14 million ha in africa and 14 million ha in asia. Pearl millet plants are generally a shortday plant, but some varieties of millet plants are day length neutral. Cultivation practices of pearl millet year2 youtube. It has slender stems which are divided into distinct nodes. An experiment was conducted to study the performance of pearl millet under different technologies in 20 and 2014 main cropping seasons at the main site of the research center, aybra, with. Pearl millet is a very robust grass which tillers widely and grows in tufts. Because of the high nutritive value, this grass is used for growing or lactating animals. The area planted, spouse age and years of pearl millet cultivation were the important. This has, in part, made millet production popular, particularly in countries surrounding the sahara in western africa. For thousands of years, millet farms have been growing a range of millets such as sorghum, pearl millet, foxtail millet, little millet, kodo millet, proso millet, barnyard millet alongside. Barnyard millet, crop management, drought stress, finger millet, foxtail millet, genetic resources, growth and development, kodo millet, proso millet, sorghum.
Hay is one of the most versatile stored feeds available because. The pearl millet strategy was initiated in december, 2009 and discussions took place with. Importance of millets in africa a b obilana icrisat, p o box 39063, nairobi, kenya email. Stems left standing in the field after grain harvest are low in digestibility and nutrients newman et al.
Review of pearl millet research pearl millet pennisetum glaucum l. Pearl millet pennisetum glaucum is an introduced, annual, warm season crop widely grown throughout the united states for grazing. Pearl millet,pennisetum glaucum, production and improvement. Since pearl millet is a drought and heat tolerant crop capable of producing grain in regions of low soil fertility and limited moisture, where other summer cereals like sorghum and maize, may fail,it occupies the marginal lowrainfall areas of western sudan. Project coordinator, aicrp pearl millet icar, ars, mandor, jodhpur. Pearl millet is a warmseason plant adapted to welldrained areas typical of floridas deep sandy soils. It is grown commercially in south africa as forage. Pearl millet production and grain quality can be affected by a myriad of biotic stresses, pests including fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects, parasitic, and nonparasitic weeds and birds. Sorghum and pearl millet are the most important stable crops in the drylands of west africa. In india, millets are grown on about 17 million ha with annual production of 18 million tonnes and contribute 10 percent to the countrys food.
On a perhectare basis, millet grain production can be 24 times higher with use of irrigation and soil supplements. It is grown on an estimated 27 million hectares, followed by finger millet singh et al. Due to pearl millet s large stems, hay production is difficult without a hay or mower conditioner, and extra. Pearl millet was domesticated long ago on the southern margins of the saharan central highlands at an onset of the present dry phase about 40005000 years ago purseglove, 1972, 1976 purseglove, 1972 purseglove, 1976. Pdf on jan 1, 2007, i s khairwal and others published pearl millet crop management and seed production manual find, read and cite all. Improving pearl millet pennisetum glaucum productivity. Assessment of pearl millet production problems in west africa. Sep 05, 2018 cultivation practices of pearl millet.
Pearl millet first became known in europe about 1566 when plants were raised in belgium from seed said to have been received from india. Microdose application is a low cost investment that has a high probability to increase grain and stover yields across the west africa pearl millet production area, but estimated n and p removals are negative and similar to zero fertilizer application and thus does not alleviate soil nutrient mining. Pearl millet is an annual plant that requires warm temperatures to start production. Growing pearl millet, cultivation practices for beginners. Most of the pearl millet area is grown with hybrids while the varieties are preferred in drought prone ecologies. Lang, 2001 because of its drought tolerance and ability to produce grain under. Staggenborg department of agronomy, kansas state university, manhattan, ks 66506, usa keywords. Pearl millet nutritional quality and fertilization of sweet corn in senegal. Background on the development of the global strategy for the.
Background on the development of the global strategy for. Proso millet is grown as a grain crop for human food and is adapted to. This form, sometimes known as pennisetum spicatum, is still grown in spain and north africa. Pearl millet originated in tropical western africa some 4000 years ago. Today pearl millet is grown on over 260,000 km 2 of land worldwide. More than 95 per cent pearl millet production comes from. Pearl millet is an erect, shortday dave, 1987 annual grass that tillers more profusely than sorghum. Progress in grain pearl millet research and market development.
It accounts for about 50% of the total world production of millets. Water supply from pearl millet by hydraulic lift can mitigate. Farmers production constraints, knowledge of striga and. Pearl millet will have higher cp levels if it fertilized with n. Pearl millet is the most widely grown of all the millet species fao, 1972. Informal survey of the production problems will be conducted in all four countries to identify a boardercutting production problem that need a collaborative research intervention. Pearl millet breeding research at the agricultural research centerhays developed several parental lines in 1980s and 1990s using mainly phenotypic evaluation. It is a tall, erect, annual bunchgrass growing from 615 ft in height. The trends in area, production and productivity of pearl millet suggest that area has. It is used a feed, food and raw material in soft drink industry. Figures only available in pdf file or contact new mexico state. Project coordinator, aicrp pearl millet icar, ars, mandor.
Pearl millet is one of the most drought resistant grains in commercial production. Pearl millet, pennisetum glaucum, is an annual grass in the family poaceae which is grown widely in africa and india for its grain which can be used to make flour and other foodstuffs. For economical grain production, pearl millet can be planted in the piedmont area from may 1 to july 15. Pearl millet is a c 4 plant and major coarse millet well adopted for hot and arid regions of the world and it have place of prominence its tolerance to drought, heat and soil salinity along with its higher water use efficiency makes it a climatesmart crop. Finger millet is widely produced in the cooler, higheraltitude regions of africa and asia both as a food crop. Significant progress has been made during the last five decades in cultivar development. Pdf purpose pearl millet pennisetum glaucum is a rich source of nutrients as compared to the major cultivated cereal crops. About 111 pearl millet diseases caused by different biotic factors have been reported in india and africa, the production regions kumar, 2011. Most of this initial pearl millet production has been for poultry feed, although the crop shows good feed potential for other types of livestock as well. Pearl millet accounts for almost half of global millet production. Pearl millet seed production and processing out of the spikelets earlier than the male part. Use of pearl millet grain on a commercial basis only began in the u. Millet seed technology iii f o r e w o r d seed plays a critical role in increasing agricultural productivity.
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